The Fortress at Veli Memmedov Street 13 in Baku, Azerbaijan, is a remarkable historical site that offers a glimpse into the city’s ancient past. Known locally as the "Old City Fortress" or "Baku Fortress," this structure is part of the larger Icherisheher, or Inner City, which is a UNESCO World Heritage site. The fortress is a testament to Baku's strategic importance throughout history and is one of the city's most iconic landmarks.

Dating back to the 12th century, the fortress was originally built to protect the inhabitants of Baku from invaders. It features massive stone walls, towers, and battlements that were designed to withstand sieges and attacks. The architecture of the fortress reflects the engineering prowess of the time, with its solid construction and strategic placement overlooking the Caspian Sea. The walls, which are up to 10 meters high and 3 meters thick in some places, encircle the Old City and have stood the test of time, surviving numerous battles and invasions.

What makes the fortress unique is its blend of defensive architecture with the rich cultural heritage of Baku. As you walk through the fortress, you'll notice the intricate stone carvings, inscriptions, and decorative elements that reflect the influence of Persian, Arabic, and Ottoman styles. The fortress also includes several key structures, such as the Maiden Tower and the Palace of the Shirvanshahs, both of which are significant in their own right and add to the historical value of the site.

Visiting the fortress is best done during the spring or autumn when the weather in Baku is mild and comfortable. The site is open to the public year-round, and while there is no fee to walk around the Old City, certain parts of the fortress, such as the Maiden Tower, may require a ticket for entry. Guided tours are available and highly recommended for those interested in the detailed history and stories associated with the fortress.

One of the most fascinating legends associated with the fortress is the story of the Maiden Tower. According to local folklore, a king built the tower for his daughter, who, upon learning of her forced marriage to a man she did not love, threw herself from the top of the tower into the Caspian Sea. This tragic tale has become an integral part of Baku’s cultural heritage, and the Maiden Tower remains a symbol of the city.

The fortress has also appeared in several films and documentaries, showcasing its imposing structure and historical significance. A visit to the fortress at Veli Memmedov Street 13 offers not only a journey through Baku's past but also an opportunity to experience the enduring legacy of a city that has long stood at the crossroads of civilizations.